Scrutinizing Religious Fundamentalism of Post 9/11 Scenario in The Blind Man’s Garden By Aslam

Parvez Ahmed Kolachi

doi:10.51611/iars.irj.v14i01.2024.201

Authors

Parvez Ahmed Kolachi Army Public School and College Sukkur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v14i01.2024.201

Keywords:

Aslam, Post 9/11, Religious Fundamentalism, The Blind Man’s Garden

Abstract

This study analyzes Aslam’s novel The Blind Man’s Garden. It generally depicts post 9/11 scenario in which people suffer from identity crisis, trauma and religious fundamentalism. This study investigates the outcomes of religious fundamentalism in post 9/11 scenario of Pakistan. The research is designed descriptively. It follows the research method of Textual Analysis. The data are textual and collected from the novel. The gathered textual data are analyzed to answer the research question that what are the factors of post/911 religious fundamentalism and how the society suffers from them. The textual analysis is done with the theoretical framework of Religious Fundamentalism generated after reviewing previous literature. The findings of this study reveal that religiously fundamentalist people strict people, women, children and deprive them of their desired life. Youth is misguided and prepared for jihad in the name of God. Women are restricted as per their law. This ideology imposes misinterpreted laws and creates a dystopian society where no one is free to live according to their own conduct.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

. Appleby, R. S., & Marty, M. E. (2002). Fundamentalism. Slate group, LLC, (128), 16-22. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3183353

. Armstrong, K. (2000). The Battle for God. Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and

Islam. New York: Alfred Knopf.

. Almond, Gabriel, A., Appleby, R. S., and Emmanuel S. (2003). Strong Religion: The Rise of Fundamentalisms around the World. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

. Altemeyer, B. and B. Hunsberger. (1992). Authoritarianism, Religious Fundamentalism, Quest, and Prejudice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 2(2), 113-133.

. Aslam, N. (2013). The Blind Man's Garden. Faber & Faber.

. Alwuraafi, E. M. (2019). Representation of Islam and Muslims in post 9/11 Orientalist Narrative. Annals of Language and Literature, 3(4), 6-21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337394488_Representation_of_Islam_and_Muslims_in_post_911_Orientalist_Narrative

. Brettfeld, Katrin and Wetzels, P. (2007). Muslime in Deutschland. Integration, Integrationsbarrieren, Religion sowie Einstellungen zu Demokratie, Rechtsstaat und politisch-religiös motivierter Gewalt. Berlin: Bundesministerium des Innern.

. Caruth, C. (1995). Explorations in memory. Baltimore/London.

. Connor, P. 2010. Contexts of Immigrant Receptivity and Immigrant Religious

. Collins, J. J. (2011). Understanding War in Afghanistan (1st ed.). National University Defense Press.

. Dummett, M. (2002). Fundamentalism. Wiley, 83(975), 242-244. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/43249686

. Diehl, C, Matthias. K, and Kerstin. R. (2009). Religiosity and Gender Equality. Comparing Natives and Muslim Migrants in Germany. Ethnic and Racial Studies 32, 278-301.

. Ersanilli, E. 2010. Comparing Integration: Host culture adaption and ethnic retention

among Turkish immigrants and their descendants in France, Germany and the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit

. Ethridge, F. M., & Feagin, J. R. (1979). Varieties of “Fundamentalism”: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis of Two Protestant Denominations. The Sociological Quarterly, 20(1), 37–48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4106386

. Fundamentalism: A theory by Edward Farley. (n.d.). CrossCurrents magazine: the best thought and writing on religion and the world. https://www.crosscurrents.org/farley2005.htm

. Fuller, G. E. (1991). Islamic Fundamentalism in Pakistan: Its Character and Prospects (R-3964 USDP). The RAND Publication Series.

. Friedman, M. & Rholes, W.S. (2008). Religious Fundamentalism and Terror Management. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 18(1), 36 52. https://doi:10.1080/10508610701719322

. Ghosh, A. (1996). Fundamentalism, its roots, rationale, and remedy. Economic and political weekly, 31(19), 1115-1116. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4404110

. Itakura. G. (2020) Screams and laughter: Transfer of affect in Nadeem Aslam’s The Blind Man’s Garden, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 56:3,356 369, https://DOI:10.1080/17449855.2020.1739292

. Heitmeyer, Wilhelm, J. and Helmut, S. (1997). Verlockender

. Fundamentalismus. Frankfurt, Suhrkamp.

. Jackson, A (2012). Afghan Experiences of Conflict, 1978 – 2009 THE COST OF WAR. Oxfam International.

. Javaid, S., Rabbani, M., & Shahbaz, S. (2021). Hybridity and the Politics of Location: A Study of Diaspora Space in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 5(1), 1115-1126.

. Khan, M. T. (2013). The Social, Political and Economic Effects of the War on Terror: Pakistan 2009 to 2011. ISSRA PAPERS, 65.

. Khan, M. Y., Noor, F., & Chaudhry, F. (2021). Trauma, Identity, and Narrative in fiction: A Critique of The Blind Man’s Garden as Trauma Fiction. Research Journal of Social Sciences & Economics Review, 2(2), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss2-2021(146-152)

. Kennedy, V. (2018). Changez/Cengiz's Changing Beliefs in The Reluctant Fundamentalist. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3321

. Khan, M. T. (2013). The Social, Political and Economic Effects of the War on Terror: Pakistan 2009 to 2011. ISSRA PAPERS, 65.

. Kramer, M. (2003). Coming to Terms: Fundamentalists or Islamists? Middle East

Quarterly 10(2), 65-77.

. Loumagne, M. (2017). The rise of fundamentalism and the concept of sin. Studies: An Irish Quarterly review, 106(422), 183-192. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/90010172

. Marsden, George M. (1980). Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism 1870-1925. New York: Oxford University Press.

. Of pomegranates and grenades: Nadeem Aslam’s “The blind man’s garden”. (2013, November 16). Los Angeles Review of Books. https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/of-pomegranates-and-grenades/

. Perner, C. (2011). Tracing the Fundamentalist in Mohsin Hamid’s Moth Smoke and The Reluctant Fundamentalist. ariel: a review of international english literature, 41(3-4), 23-31.

. Quinney, R. (1964). Political conservatism, alienation, and fatalism: contingencies of social status and religious fundamentalism. American sociological association, 27(3), 372- 381. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2785625

. Randa, A., & Anwar, D. (2020). AT THE CROSSROADS OF IDENTITY IN MOHSIN HAMID’S NOVEL EXIT WEST (2017). E-Journal of English Language & Literature, 9(1), 88-97. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/ell/article/view/107587

. Sethna, R. (2013, March 17). Book review: The blind man’s garden. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/795797/cover-story-the-blind-mans-garden-by-nadeem-aslam

. Suri, A. W. (2015). Rise of fundamentalist discourse and the reassertion of modern ethos. Policy perspectives, 12(2), 105-130.

. Schwartz, L. S. (2002). "Near November." In 110 Stories: New York Writes After September

, Ulrich Baer (editor), 260–262. New York: New York University Press

. The blind man's garden. (n.d.). Google Books. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/The_Blind_Man_s_Garden.htm l?id=0c3AAAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

. Tilwani, S. A. (2019). Exclusion in the Reluctant Fundamentalist. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(9), 313-328.

. The blind man’s garden by Nadeem Aslam. (2013, April 16). The Asian Writer – Raising the profile of South Asian writers since 2007. https://theasianwriter.co.uk/2013/04/16/the-blind-mans-garden-by-nadeem-aslam/ https://theprelude.com.pk/2020/09/13/war-and-human-consciousnessa-trauma-study-of-nadeem-aslams-the-blind-mans-garden-ans-ali/

. War and human Consciousness:A trauma study of Nadeem Aslam’s “The blind man’s garden”-ans Ali. (2020, September 13). The Prelude - Let the Subaltern Speak.

. Woodberry, Robert, D. and Christian, S. S. (1998). Fundamentalism et al: Conservative Protestants in America. Annual Review of Sociology 24, 25-56.